This guide provides some examples on how to document sources in APA citation style. It is based on the 7th edition of the “Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association and also other references as listed under Acknowledgement.

The print version of the manual is available in the Library, BF76.7 P97 2020.  7th ed (Chapter 9 and 10). Click here to view ebook version.

To view how sources are cited in APA style, you may click on the tabs to know more.

All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Journal Article

Printed:

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume number (issue number), Page numbers.

Electronic:

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume number (issue number), Page numbers. https://doi.org/doi

OR

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume number (issue number), Page numbers. URL

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Journal Article (Online) with DOI. Boisvert, J. A., & Harrell, W. A. (2012). The impact of spirituality on eating disorder symptomatology in ethnically diverse Canadian women. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 59(8), 729-738. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640.24538.6

(Boisvert & Harrell, 2012)

Boisyert and Harrell (2012)

Journal Article (Online) without DOI.

 

 

 

Journal without a DOI, from most academic research databases.

Chistolini, S. (2013). Domestic violence and implications for citizenship teaching and learning. Journal of Scholarship and Practice, 9(4), 24-32. http://www.aasa.org/jsp.aspx

 

 

Bahare, H. (2020). Airlines employees service quality perception of the ground handling management. Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies, 13(1), 91-105.

(Chistolini, 2013)

Chistolini (2013)

 

 

 

(Bahare, 2020)

Bahare (2020)
Scholarly Journal Article (Print) Laing, J., & Frost, W. (2010). How green was my festival: Exploring challenges and opportunities associated with staging green events. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(2), 261-267.

(Laing & Frost, 2010)

Laing and Frost (2010)

Format

Magazine Article

Printed:

Author Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication, Month). Title of article. Title of Magazine (capitalize each unique word), Volume number (issue number), page numbers.

Electronic:

Author Last Name, Initials. (Year of Publication, Month). Title of article. Title of Magazine (capitalize each unique word), Volume number (issue number), Page numbers. URL

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Magazine Article (Print) Crowley, M. (2014, June 30). Iraq’s eternal war. Time, 183(25), 18-24.

(Crowley, 2014)

Crowley (2014)

Magazine Article (Online) with DOI

 

 

 

Magazine without a DOI, from most academic research databases.

 

Schaefer, N. K., & Shapiro, B. (2019, September 6). New middle chapter in the story of human . Time. http://ideas.time.com/2012/12/20/sandy-hook-shooting-video-games-blamed-again/

 

Johnston, A., & Barnes, M. (2008, November 20). Research update: Service matters. Parks & Recreation, 43(11), 24-29.

(Ferguson, 2012)

Ferguson (2012)

 

 

(Johnston & Barnes, 2008)

Johnston and Barnes (2014)
Magazine Article (Author not Known) America and China talk climate change: Heating up or cooling down? (2009, June 11).The Economist, 391(8635), 61.

(“Climate change,” 2009)

“Climate change” (2009)

Format

Newspaper Article

Printed:

Author Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication, Month date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper (capitalize each unique word), page number(s).

Electronic:

Author Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication, Month date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper (capitalize each unique word), page number(s), URL

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Newspaper Article (Print) Randerson, J. (2008, February 26). Researchers find fish that can count up to four. The Guardian, 14.

(Randerson, 2008)

Randerson (2008)
Newspaper Article (Author not Known) The rich get richer in Malaysia. (2011, March 4). The Star, 6.

(“Rich get richer,“ 2011)

“Rich get richer“ (2011)
Newspaper Article (Website) Flitton, D. (2012, January 4). Economics woes hit US defence ambitions. The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/world/economic-woes-hit-us-defence-ambitions-20120103-1pjnm.html

(Flitton, 2012)

Flitton (2012)
Newspaper Article (Electronic Database) Randerson, J. (2008, February 26). Researchers find fish that can count up to four. The Guardian, 14. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?       id=GALE%7CA175375548&v=2.1&u=sunway&it=r&p=GRGM&sw=w& -asid=82983ea1cb920f9a6bfcfc4778416bc8

(Randerson, 2008)

Randerson (2008)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

1 Author:

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.

2 Authors:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of book (edition). Publisher.

With Editor:

Editor Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial (Ed.) or (Eds.). (Year). Title of book (edition). Publisher.

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
1 Author Yong, P. (2009). Fear and greed: Understanding the psychology of investing. A&A Morning Glory Learning.

(Yong, 2009)

Yong (2009)
2 Authors Pfister, R. E., & Tierney, P. T. (2009). Recreation, event and tourism business: Start-up and sustainable operations. Human Kinetics.

(Pfister & Tierney, 2009)

Pfister and Tierney (2009)
3 to 5 Authors: The Names of Up to Five Authors are Listed Herrera, S. G., Perez, D. R., & Escamilla, K. (2009). Teaching reading to English language learners: Differentiating literacies. Pearson.

(Herrera et al., 2009)

 

Herrera et al. (2009)

 

Book (21 or more authors) List first 19, Followed by Ellipsis Points (Three Spaced Periods) and the Name of the Last Author   

Butcher, T., Guo, X., Harris, J., Lette, K., Mankell, H., Moggach, D., Author Number 19, . . . Welsh, I. (2010). Because I’m a girl. Random House.

(Butcher et al., 2010)

Butcher et al. (2010)

With Editor

Shell, M. (Ed.). (2002). American babel: Literatures of the United States from Abnaki to Zuni. Harvard University Press.

Anderson, D., & Kuhnheims, J.S. (Eds.). (2003). Cultural studies in the curriculum: Teaching Latin America. Modern Language Association.

(Shell, 2002)

Shell (2002)

 

(Anderson & Kuhnheims, 2003)

Anderson and Kuhnheims (2003)
Organization as Author (Corporate Author) National Research Council. (2000). Beyond six billion: Forecasting the world’s population. National Academy Press.

(National Research Council [NRC], 2000)

Subsequent citations:

(NRC, 2000)

OR

National Research Council [NRC] (2000)

Subsequent citations:

NRC (2000)
Edition Other than the First

Rogers, T. (2013). Conferences and conventions: A global industry (3rd ed.). Routledge.

 

Barry, M. (2010). Summary and note-taking (Rev. ed.). Cambridge University Press.

(Rogers, 2013)

Rogers (2013)

 

(Barry, 2010)

Barry (2010)
In a Series Altbach, P. G. (2013). The international imperative higher education. In Global Perspectives on Higher Education. Sense Publishers.

(Altbach, 2013)

Altbach (2013)
With Multivolume Work Mitcham, C. (Ed.). (2005). Encyclopedia of science, technology, and ethics (Vols. 1-4). Thomson/Gale.

(Mitcham, 2005)

Mitcham (2005)
Without Author

American heritage guide to contemporary usage and style. (2005). Houghton Mifflin.

 

 

United Press International stylebook and guide to newswriting (4th ed.). (2004). Capital Books.

(American Heritage Guide,  2005)

American Heritage Guide (2005)

 

(United Press International, 2004)

United Press International (2004)
Chapter in an Edited Book

Peterson, B., & Shi, S. (2006). Money, price dispersion and welfare. In G. Camera (Ed.), Recent developments on money and finance (pp. 197-222). Springer.

 

Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287-314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012

(Peterson & Shi, 2006)

Peterson and Shi (2006)

 

 

(Balsam et al., 2019)

Balsam et al. (2019)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of book (edition). Publisher. URL or https:/doi.org/xxxx

Audiobook with a nondatabase URL:

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of book. (First Initial. Author Last Name, Narr. [Audiobook]. Publisher. URL.

Book Chapter:

Chapter author(s) Surname, Initials. (Year). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) of book (Ed(s)., Title of book, (pp. xxx-xxx). URL or https:/doi.org/xxxx

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
With E-Book Reader.

Bell, T., Hopper, D., & Vallance, C. (2014). Right or wrong: The Memoirs of Lord Bell [Kindle edition]. Amazon.com

(Bell, Hopper, & Vallance, 2014)

Bell, Hopper, and Vallance (2014)
Audiobook with a nondatabase URL. Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking [Audiobook]. Random House Audio. http://bit.ly/2G0Bpbl

(Cain, 2012)

Cain (2012)
Electronic version of book chapter. Hompes, R., & Cunningham, C. (2015). Low-risk early rectal cancer. In G. Baatrup (Ed.), Multidisciplinary treatment of colorectal cancer (pp. 47–53). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06142-9_5

(Hompes & Cunningham, 2015)

Hompes and Cunningham (2015)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Printed:

Author. (Publication Year, Date). Title of annual report.  Author.

Electronic:

Author. (Publication Year). Title of annual report. URL

When the author is publisher, the word Author is used.

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Online AirAsia Berhad. (2014). Annual report 2013.  http://www.bursamalaysia.com/market/listed-companies/company-announcements/1620717

(AirAsia Berhad, 2014)

AirAsia Berhad (2014)
Print Maxis Berhad. (2014). Annual report 2013. Author.

(Maxis Berhad, 2014)

Maxis Berhad (2014)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Unpublished

Printed:

Author Surname, Initial. (Year, Month). Title of paper or Poster. [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, Location.

Electronic:

Author Surname, Initial. (Year, Month). Title of paper or Poster. [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, Location. URL, or doi:

Published

Printed:

Author Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title of paper. In Editor Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial (Ed.) or (Eds.), Title of published proceeding, [Paper Presentation]. Conference Name, City, State or Country.

Electronic:

Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of paper. Title of proceeding, Country, volume, page number. URL, or doi:

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Unpublished; Print Chang, J. I., Yoo, S. H., & Kwak, J. (2004, June). Measuring the conservation value of the Songji Langoon, with an investigation of preference uncertainty. [Conference session]. Thirteenth annual conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economics, Budapest, Hungary.

(Chang et al., 2004)

or

Chang et al. (2004)
Unpublished; Online Hallam, G., Hiskens, A., & Ong, R. (2013, August). Conceptualising the learning organisation: creating a maturity framework to develop a shared understanding of the library’s role in literacy and learning. [Paper presentation]. Seventy nine IFLA General Conference and Assembly, Singapore. http://conference.ifla.org/past-wlic/2013/ifla79.htm

(Hallam et al., 2013)

or

Hallam et al., (2013)
Published; Print Ara, P. (2007 September 10-15). The realization problem for Von Neumann regular rings. In H. Marubayashi, K. Masaike, K. Oshiro, & M. Sato (Eds.), Ring theory 2007: Proceedings of the fifth China-Japan-Korea conference [Paper presentation]. Hackensack, NJ.

(Ara, 2007)

Ara (2007)
Published; Online Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., & Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 105, 12593-12598. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105

(Herculano-Houzel et al., 2008)

Or

Herculano-Houzel et al. (2008)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Printed:

Author’s Surname, Initials. (Year of submission). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis [Unpublished doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis]. Name of Institution, Location.

Electronic:

Author’s Surname, Initials. (Year of submission). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis [Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis]. Archive name. URL

OR

Author’s Surname, Initials. (Year of submission). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis [Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis]. Archive name. URL

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Print

Lim, T. S. (2012). 14th century Singapore: The Temasek paradigm [Unpublished master’s thesis]. National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Barnes, D. L. (2000). An investigation into the process of formation of operations strategy by small manufacturing companies [Unpublished doctoral dissertation].  Staffordshire University, Staffordshire.

(Lim, 2012)

Lim (2012)
From an Institutional Database Saccone, G. M. (2000). History as rhetoric in Hobbes’ dialogue of the Common Laws and the rise of modern philosophy [Master’s thesis]. Archive from http://hub.hku.hk/advanced-search?field1=title&thesis=1

(Saccone, 2000)

Saccone (2000)
On the Web Sai, D. K. (2004). The American occupation of the Hawaiian kingdom: Beginning the transition from occupied to restored state [Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii at Manoa]. Archive from http://www2.hawaii.edu/~anu/pdf/Dissertation(Sai).pdf

(Sai, 2004)

Sai (2004)
From a Commercial Database Moening, G. A. (2011). Diet quality and weight change among overweight and obese postpartum women enrolled in a behavioural intervention program [Master’s thesis]. Proquest Dissertations and Theses database.

(Moening, 2011)

Moening (2011)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Printed:

Author’s Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title of entry or article. In Author or Editor of Publication – Initials. Surname with (Ed.) or (Eds.), Title of Encyclopedia (Vols. x-x, pp. xx-xx). Publisher.

Electronic:

Author’s Surname, Initials. (Year of Publication). Title of entry or article. In Title of Encyclopaedia. Publisher. URL

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
With Named Author
(Print)		 Ayman, R. (2004). Leadership and culture. In CD Spielberger (ed.), Encyclopedia of applied psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 507-517​). Elsevier Academic Press.

(Ayman,  2004)

Ayman (2004)
With Named Author
(Online)		 Mann, M. E., & Selin, H. (2014). Global warming. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. http://www.britannica. com.ezproxy.sunway.edu.my/EBchecked/topic/235402/global-warming

(Mann & Selin, 2014)

Mann and Selin (2014)
No Author (Print) Human body, health and nutrition. (2001). In T. Anderson & U. McGovern (Eds.), The Chambers encyclopedia (pp. 494-540). Chambers Harrap.

(“Human body, health and nutrition,” 2001)

“Human body, health and nutrition” (2001)
No Author (Online) Digestion. (2014). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com.ezproxy.sunway.edu.my/EBchecked /topic/163169/digestion

(“Digestion,” 2014)

“Digestion” (2014)
No author, No date (Online) Merriam-Webstar. (n.d.). Heuristic.  In Merrriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved December 10, 2019 from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic

(“Heuristic,” n.d)

“Heuristic” (n.d) 
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Producer Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Producer) & Director Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial (Director). (Year of film release). Title [Medium]. Studio

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Film, DVD, and Video Chaffin, C., Kennedy, K., Marshall, F., (Producers), & Fincher, D. (Director). (2008). The curious case of Benjamin Button [DVD]. Warner Bros. Pictures.

(Chaffin, Kennedy, Marshall & Fincher, 2008)

Chaffin, Kennedy, Marshall and Fincher (2008)
Feige, K., (Producer), & Taylor, A. (Director). (2013). Thor: the dark world [Motion picture]. Marvel Studios.

(Feige & Taylor, 2013)

Feige and Taylor (2013)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Physical:

Artist’s Surname, Initial. (Year of completion). Title [Medium, e.g.Painting]. Name of Gallery, City, Country. URL

Electronic:

Artist’s Surname, Initial. (Year of completion). Title [Medium, e.g.Painting]. Name of Gallery. Website URL

OR

Artist’s Surname, Initial year created. Title [Medium, e.g.Painting]. Museum of collection name, City, Country.

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation

Photography, Painting or Sculpture

(Retrieved from Subscribed Database)		 Hopper, E. (1914). Soir bleu [Painting]. The Louvre, Paris, France.  http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.sunway.edu.my/ehost/search /basic?sid=aa818659-1e82-493f-aa5f-e22e580b7e89%40sessionmgr114& vid=1&hid=105

(Hopper, 1914)

Hopper (1914)
Visual Arts on the Web Currin, J. (2001). Blond Angel [Painting]. IMA. http://www.imamuseum.org/

(Currin, 2001)

Currin (2001)
Visual Arts in the Physical Location Currin, J. (2001). Blond Angel [Painting]. Indianapolis Museum of Art, United States.

(Currin, 2001)

Currin (2001)

Format

Information obtained by interview, telephone call, letter or email should be documented in the text, but NOT to be included in the list of references.

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Telephone Call, Letter, Personal Interview or Email Do not include in the Reference List

P. Jones (personal communication, June 15, 2013)

(P. Jones, personal communication, June 15, 2013)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

In Reference List include only the book/ article  you actually used (not the source cited in the book / article you used). 

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
When You Cite an Author who Refers to or Quotes Another Author Stuart, S. (2014). Web metrics for library and information professionals. Facet Publishing. Eysenbach (2011) indicated that Twitter mentions are an early indicator of citations (as cited in Stuart, 2014).
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Facebook:

Author [given name]. (year, month day). Name of group or the content or caption of the post (up to the first 20 words) as the title [Status update/Infographic/Video]. Facebook. URL

Twitter:

Author, A. A. [@username]. (year, month day). Provide the name of the page or the content or caption of the post (up to the first 20 words) as the title@site name [Tweet], URL

YouTube:

Author. (year, month day).Title of video [Video].  URL

Photo or Graphic:

Author. (year, month day). Caption [Photograph]. Source name URL

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Facebook status update, individual author

Gaiman, N. (2012, February 29). Please celebrate Leap Year Day in the traditional manner by taking a writer out for dinner. It’s been four years [Status update/ Infographic/ Video]. Facebook https://www.facebook.com/neilgaiman/ posts/10150574185041016

(Gainman, 2012)

Gainman (2012)
Facebook status update, group author

Australian Copyright Council. (2013, September 12). High Court Australia to make available AV recordings of full court proceeding from 1 Oct. [Infographic]. Facebook https://www.facebook.com/australiancopyrightcouncil/ posts/10150574185015422

(Australian Copyright Council, 2013)

Australian Copyright Council (2013)
Twitter – Individual author

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2014, August 4). A lot of people think of Africa as a continent of starvation. The truth is a lot more complex @b-gat.es/WXvEI1 [Tweet]. Twitter https://twitter.com/BillGates/status/496524810025828353

(Gates, 2014)

Gates (2014)
Twitter – Group author

Standford Medicine. [@SUMedicine]. (2014, July 31). Stanford researchers identify a molecular flag that labels genes critical to a cell’s function @stan.md/1o9bJJl#genetics [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SUMedicine/status/494920926954532864

(Stanford Medicine, 2014)

Stanford Medicine (2014)
Social media video

Scientific American. (2011, April 8). What happens to your body after you die? -instant egghead #65 [Video].  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wg2A9iAe25c& list=TLCQmzhU9lf0rm7yBhpW9MjKEoOx0jgDcI&index=1

Cutts, S. (2017, November 24). Happiness [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/244405542

(Scientific American, 2011)

Scientific American (2011)
Social media photo or graphic Neale, B. (2014, August 7). A herd of elephants roams Botswana’s Okavango Delta [Photograph]. National Geographic https://www.facebook.com/natgeo/photos/
a.10150205173893951.320000.23497828950/10152273071278951/?type=1

(Neale, 2014)

Neale (2014)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Radio

Names of primary contributors (Narrator). (Date of production). Title of episode. Format [Radio broadcast]. In Name of producer, Name of series, Radio station, Place of production.

TV Programme

Producer’s Surname, Initials (Executive Producers), Year. Program title [TV series]. Production name.

OR

Writer’s Surname, Initials (Writer), & Director’s surname, Initials (Director). Year. Program title [TV series episode]. In Producer’s name [Executive producer], Title of the series. Network

 
Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Radio Series program Allam, L. (Narrator). (2014, October 5). Closing Gladesville [Radio broadcast episode]. In M. Rayner (Producer), Hindsight. ABC National Radio.

(Allam, 2014)

Allam (2014) reported that Closing gladesville….
Television Series Simon, D., Colesberry, R. F., & Kostroff Noble, N. (Executive Producer). (2002-2008). The wire [TV series]. Blown Deadline Productions; HBO.

(Newman, 2010)

Newman (2010)
Television Series – an episode Witten, M. (Writer), & O’Fallen, P. (Director). (2005). Role model [Television series episode]. In D. Shore [Executive producer), House. Heel and Toe Productions; Fox Broadcasting.

(Witten & O’Fallen, 2005)

Witten and O’Fallen (2005)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year). Title of the work. Name of Database or Archive. URL or DOI 

 

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Preprint Archive

Leuker, C., Samartzidis, L., Hertwig, R., & Pleskac, T.J. (2018). When money talks: Judging risk and coercion in high-paying clinical trials. PsyArViv. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9P7CB

(Leuker et al., 2018)

Leuker et al. (2018)
Institutional Repository

Stults-Kolehmainen, M.A. & Sinha R. (2015). The effects of stress on physical activity and exercise. PubMed Central. https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pcm/articles/PCM38944304

(Stults-Kolehmainen & Sinha, 2015)

Stults-Kolehmainen & Sinha (2015)
All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented five or seven spaces (1/2 inch) from the left margin. The examples below are only for references. To know more about indentation, click on the 'Arrangement of References' tab. 

Format

Webpages and Websites:

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. URL

 

Blog Post:

Author (year, month day). Title of the posting [Blog post / Discussion group comment].  URL

Source Type Reference List Examples In-text Citation
Entire website No entry is required. When citing an entire website, it is sufficient to give the address of the site in just the text. Kidspsych is a wonderful interactive website for children (http://www.kidspsych.org)
An item with author from a webpage

Hart, M. (1992). The history and philosophy of Project Gutenberg. http://www.futernberg.org

 

de Vries, S. (2007, November 18). Close encounter with Alfred Adler. Classical Adlerian Psychology. http://ourworld.compuserv.com

Hart, 1992

Hart (1992)

 

(de Vries, 2007)

de Vries (2007)
Webpage with organization or corporation as an author

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Victoria. (2014). Animal hording. RSPCA Victoria. http://www.rspcavic.org/issues-take-action /animal-hoarding/

 (The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Victoria, 2014)
Blog or Discussion group

Batts, S. (2007, April 24). Antioxidants in berries increased by ethanol (but are daiquiris healthy?) [Science post]. http://scienceblogs.com/retrospectacle/ 2007/04/24/antioxidants-in-berries-increa/

Shy. (2014, June 7). Re: Of reading challenges & such [Discussion group comment]. Malaysian do Read English Novels discussion group: http://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1855423-of-reading-challenges-such

(Batts, 2007)

Batts (2007)

 

(Shy, 2014)

Shy (2014)

List entries in alphabetical order by the author’s last name, using letter –by- letter. If the author’s name is not known, alphabetize by the title. Begin the first line of each entry at the left margin; indent subsequent lines five or seven spaces (1/2 inch).

WP/092 Issue 2    12 Oct 2022